Background: In patients with non-HIV Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PjP), computed tomography imaging\nreveals ground grass opacities (GGO). Previous reports show that some patients with non-HIV PjP exhibit GGO with\ncrazy paving. However, there have been no studies on the association between crazy paving GGO and non-HIV PjP\nclinical outcomes. Here, at the diagnosis of non-HIV PjP, we reviewed high-resolution computed tomography\n(HRCT) findings that included GGO types and evaluated the prognostic impact of crazy paving GGO on the clinical\noutcomes of non-HIV PjP immunocompromised patients.\nMethods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical information including the HRCT findings of patients diagnosed\nwith non-HIV PjP from five institutions between 2006 and 2015. The GGO types included those with or without\ncrazy paving. The associations between clinical factors such as HRCT findings and in-hospital mortality were\nassessed using the Cox regression model.\nResults: Sixty-one patients were included in our study. Nineteen patients died at a hospital. All patients\nexhibited GGO on HRCT imaging at diagnosis of non-HIV PjP. The HRCT findings included crazy paving GGO\n(29 patients, 47.5%), consolidations (23 patients, 37.7%), bronchiectasis (14 patients, 23.0%), and centrilobular\nsmall nodules (30 patients, 49.2%). Cysts were not observed in any patient. Multivariate analysis revealed that\ncrazy paving GGO and low serum albumin levels were independent risk factors for mortality.\nConclusions: At the diagnosis of non-HIV PjP, patients with crazy paving GGO on HRCT imaging and low\nserum albumin levels may have a poor prognosis.
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